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At the foot of the snow-capped Cascade Mountains on the forested shores of Puget Sound, Seattle is set in a location of spectacular natural beauty. Boosters of the city have long capitalized on this splendor, recently likening it to the fairytale capital of L. Frank Baum’s The Wizard of Oz, the Emerald City. But just as Dorothy, Toto, and their traveling companions discover a darker reality upon entering the green gates of the imaginary Emerald City, those who look more closely at Seattle’s landscape will find that it reveals a history marked by environmental degradation and urban inequality.

 

This book explores the role of nature in the development of the city of Seattle from the earliest days of its settlement to the present. Combining environmental history, urban history, and human geography, Matthew Klingle shows how attempts to reshape nature in and around Seattle have often ended not only in ecological disaster but also social inequality. The price of Seattle’s centuries of growth and progress has been paid by its wildlife, including the famous Pacific salmon, and its poorest residents. Klingle proposes a bold new way of understanding the interdependence between nature and culture, and he argues for what he calls an “ethic of place.” Using Seattle as a compelling case study, he offers important insights for every city seeking to live in harmony with its natural landscape.

 

• Sales Rank: #720563 in Books
• Published on: 2009-01-06
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.10" h x 1.10" w x 6.00" l, 1.20 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 400 pages

Review
"Matthew Klingle’s Emerald City is a courageously polarizing book. It fearlessly charges across the imaginary line dividing activism from analysis. Without humility, it takes on luminaries of philosophy and history in the service of articulating a twenty-first-century ethic of environmental and social justice." — James Longhurst, University of Wisconsin (James Longhurst Environmental History 2012-07-01)

About the Author

Matthew Klingle is associate professor of history and environmental studies, Bowdoin College.

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15 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
A History that Speaks to All Cities
By Joseph E. Taylor III
Matthew Klingle has written a brilliant study of how the city--in this case Seattle but it could be any city--creates at once both beauty and ugliness. Tracing stories about the physical, social, and cultural reorganization of Seattle and its hinterlands, Klingle shows exactly why the effort to build a more livable city also made Seattle increasingly unlivable for some residents. Readers will be left with a deeper appreciation for the strengths and weaknesses of urban environmental reform in the last century, how urban ecology intrinsically shaped social inequity, and why historical perspective is absolutely crucial when cities decide to address environmental problems. The epilogue is simply brilliant, providing readers with a brave and smart discussion about why acknowledging the shortcomings of past policies is essential for developing what Klingle calls a historically-informed "ethic of place" as residents turn to the future. This is an exceptional work of history.

11 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent Examination of the Interplay of History & The Environment
By Steve Wedel
If you are interested in both history and the environment, and a new, rigorous and thoughtful way of examining the interplay between the two, then The Emerald City will undoubtedly interest you. Mr. Klingle tackles the history of Seattle - literally from the ground (or is that the Sound?) up - with an eye on showing how the building of a major metropolitan city can lead to both inevitable and surprising consequences, even when said city-building is done with a cognizance of the need to take into account surrounding pristine environs, and, indeed, even when trying to develop the city with the best interests of the environment in mind. Which, I think, is the point; one cannot separate development and the environment, and as such they must be approached with a new paradigm.

Klingle comes at this tale from multiple angles - the greed and power of the early railway companies, the socio-economic impact not only on the native Sound tribes but on the early western settlers as well, the planning of Seattle's verdant parks by Olmstead, an extremely eye-opening take of the interplay between ecology and urban poverty - and brings them together in a way that, in the end, to my mind echoed perfectly the multiple waterways that all feed into, and sustain, Seattle.

That Mr. Klingle is a top-notch writer, with the ability to turn a beautiful phrase or metaphor with seeming ease, is just icing on the cake. I am neither an academic nor a scholar, but The Emerald City is a book of surpassing intelligence and thoughtfulness, and, like the "emerald" associated with Seattle, a gem worth looking into. Highly recommended.

5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
Great history lesson
By Steve Frazier
I'd read several histories of Seattle before this, so I knew the basic outline of how the city was settled and how the land was reshaped by engineers -- filling in mud flats, knocking down hills, carving a ship channel connect Puget Sound to Lake Washington. But this book goes much further, exploring each of those developments in detail, plus many others I didn't know about, showing how developers, engineers, railroads, and government officials worked to carve a city out of the diverse and challenging environment. The author explores how engineers dominated city government for many years, and how their decisions about water supplies, auto traffic vs. parks, sewer lines, etc., continue to shape the city and its neighborhoods today.

Particularly revealing here is how some of the "victories" of Seattle's growing environmental consciousness have come at a pretty high price. For example, the cleanup of Lake Washington in the 60's was heralded as a great victory for science and the environmental movement -- but it came at the price of re-routing even more sewage into the Duwamish River (now one the nation's largest Superfund sites) and into Puget Sound (thereby creating further problems for the Sound's ecosystem).

Great read -- ties together nature, geography, ongoing court cases involving Indian fishing rights, urban geography and sociology.

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~ Ebook Download Algeria: Anger of the Dispossessed, by John Phillips, Martin Evans

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After liberating itself from French colonial rule in one of the twentieth century’s most brutal wars of independence, Algeria became a standard-bearer for the non-aligned movement. By the 1990s, however, its revolutionary political model had collapsed, degenerating into a savage conflict between the military and Islamist guerillas that killed some 200,000 citizens.

 

In this lucid and gripping account, Martin Evans and John Phillips explore Algeria’s recent and very bloody history, demonstrating how the high hopes of independence turned into anger as young Algerians grew increasingly alienated. Unemployed, frustrated by the corrupt military regime, and excluded by the West, the post-independence generation needed new heroes, and some found them in Osama bin Laden and the rising Islamist movement.

 

Evans and Phillips trace the complex roots of this alienation, arguing that Algeria’s predicament—political instability, pressing economic and social problems, bad governance, a disenfranchised youth—is emblematic of an arc of insecurity stretching from Morocco to Indonesia. Looking back at the pre-colonial and colonial periods, they place Algeria’s complex present into historical context, demonstrating how successive governments have manipulated the past for their own ends. The result is a fractured society with a complicated and bitter relationship with the Western powers—and an increasing tendency to export terrorism to France, America, and beyond.

• Sales Rank: #386759 in Books
• Published on: 2008-01-28
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.42" h x 1.37" w x 6.52" l, 1.68 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 352 pages

From Publishers Weekly
Fifty years after winning a bloody independence struggle, Algeria remains disturbingly unstable and impoverished. British historian Evans and journalist Phillips draw a complex, engrossing portrait of a nation afflicted with many contemporary problems: terrorism, economic inequality, a stalled transition to democracy and the rise of Islamic fundamentalism. After gaining independence from France in 1962, leaders spoke of democracy but ruled with a one-party state. The first generation of free Algerians grew up under an increasingly corrupt military dictatorship. As decades passed, a swelling population and massive unemployment among young people increasingly attracted to the Islamic movement exploded into widespread violence during 1988's Black October. Although the army brutally suppressed the uprising, thereby radicalizing many victims and observers, the government determined that democratization was essential. After reforms, the radical Islamic party won a landslide victory in the 1991 preliminary electoral ballot despite laws aimed at the party's suppression. Military leaders canceled further elections and imprisoned thousands of Islamists. Other Islamists took to the hills. A vicious guerrilla terror campaign ensued for a decade. Evans and Phillips's clear-eyed tome reveals a fractured society seething under an insecure and oppressive government. (Jan.)
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Review
"An excellent primer that provides readers a quick orientation into Algeria's history from 1820 to the present."—Cmdr. Youssef Aboul-Enein, Waterline (Cmdr. Youssef Aboul-Enein Waterline 2008-08-14)

"As this chilling and important book makes clear, [Algeria] remains a country controlled by unelected men who have left most of the population disinherited and at continuing risk of political violence."—Michael Mewshaw, Washington Post (Michael Mewshaw Washington Post 2008-03-30)

About the Author

Martin Evans is professor of contemporary history at the University of Portsmouth and author of The Memory of Resistance: French Opposition to the Algerian War 1954–62 (1997). John Phillips has reported from Algeria for The Times as a special correspondent from 1991 to 1997, and is author of Macedonia: Warlords & Rebels in the Balkans (2004).

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8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Outstanding one-volume history of Algeria and its problems
By The Giant Skunk
The book is worthy to stand next to Alistair Horne's classic "A Savage War of Peace" in the bibiliography of books about this fascinating country with a tragic history. Not only does it clearly describe the war for independence in the 50's and 60's, but it also provides a very readalbe acount of the extreme violence the country witnessed in the 1990's. It also provides some interesting lessons that we could apply to our involvelement in Iraq.

Very readable and highly recommended for anyone with an interest in the region or Algeria specifically.

7 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Good place to begin your study of Algeria
By dharmatech
* Three maps
* Seventeen plates
* Helpful Arabic glossary
* Twenty two pages of footnotes
* Seven page bibliography

Chapters four to eight focus on post-1988 Algeria.

Bite-sized chapters; longest is 41 pages.

6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
One of the best analyses of the Algerian ninety civil war
By Lotfi
Great Thanks to John Philips and Martin Evans for the quality of this study. They succeeded to give a global vision of a complicated conflict which has deep roots in the regional history. Furthermore,they kept an ability to go into the more important details. We find a lot of anecdote along the study that helps a non native to understand the subtilities of the local caracter and visions. I didn't find such a synthesis, even in the french literature.

Grand merci aux auteurs pour leur analyse perspicasse et leur honnêteté intellectuelle. Ils ont su donner une vision globale du conflit actuel et mettre en évidence des causes qui plongent leurs racines dans l'histoire de la région, tout en gardant un soucis du détail remarquable; le récit est jalonné d'anecdotes instructives et parlantes. Il n'y a pas, à ma connaissance, d'équivalent à cet ouvrage dans la bibliographie francophone.

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## Download Earthly Visions: Theology and the Challenges of Art, by Timothy J. Gorringe

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This stimulating book argues that great art can function as a "secular parable"—that is, like the parables of Jesus, art can lead viewers to reflect on the reality and presence of God in the world. T. J. Gorringe examines representative secular paintings of the most significant types (mythological themes, genre painting, portraiture, landscape, still life, abstract art), showing how each type can point toward God, whether by envisaging an alternative future, creating aesthetic delight, or teaching us to see things differently. His provocative study challenges the notion that art since the 15th century has become increasingly secularized. 

Gorringe gives careful consideration to each work's historical background and artistic context, as well as to art historical and critical appraisals. With an ecumenical approach, he then provides an insightful argument for how each piece can be read theologically. Although readers may sometimes disagree with his theological stance or his interpretation of specific works, his engaging commentary provokes reflection and challenges deeper questioning and awareness.

• Sales Rank: #177950 in Books
• Published on: 2011-10-04
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.30" h x 1.00" w x 6.00" l, 1.30 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 264 pages

Review
“….subtle and well-argued.”—Michael Glover, The Independent (Michael Glover The Independent 2011-11-25)

“A visually beautiful and thoughtful discussion on the frontiers of theology that deserves a wider readership than just theological professionals.”—Rowan Williams, Times Literary Supplement (Books of the Year) (Rowan Williams Times Literary Supplement (Books of the Year) 2011-12-02)

“Earthly Visions is nothing less than an education in seeing, a re-visioning of the cosmos grasped and remade in Christ. And for that we should be profoundly grateful.”—Jeremy Begbie, The Tablet (Jeremy Begbie The Tablet 2012-02-11)

Shortlisted for the 2011 ACE Mercers' International Book Award (UK Award) (International Book Award Shortlist Art and Christianity Enquiry)

“Extravagantly produced . . . demonstrate[s] the expansive importance of beauty.”—Steven Guthrie, Image (Steven Guthrie Image)

“Gorringe brings readers to a basic understanding of theological aesthetics. . . . I recommend this book for those seeking to approach theological aesthetics for the first time or for average museum or gallery goers.”—Jeremy W. H. Arnold, Religious Studies Review  (Jeremy W. H. Arnold Religious Studies Review)

About the Author
T. J. Gorringe is St. Luke's Professor of Theological Studies at the University of Exeter.

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7 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Converting the Canvas
By Matthew Milliner
NOTE: A version of this review first appeared in the February 2012 issue of First Things.

With religion's expiration, the great artworks of the past had to be rescued--if only for the ecstatic feelings they might still evoke. Bloomsbury bohemian Clive Bell put it this way: "When I speak of art as a manifestation of the religious spirit I do not mean that art expresses particular religious emotions, much less that it expresses anything theological. . . . When I speak of Christian art, I mean that this art was one product of that state of enthusiasm of which the Christian Church is another." For Roger Fry, another member of the Bloomsbury Group, Raphael's Transfiguration could excite the same emotions even in the pagan spectator. The theological was irrelevant.

But that was a century ago. This approach, known as "formalism," is no longer fashionable among art historians, whose discipline now gives utmost attention to historical context and has--most recently--been undergoing a slow "postsecular" rehabilitation alongside the rest of the humanities. This is driven less by personal religious conviction than by the need to amend the inevitable distortions that resulted from centuries of scholarship that failed to account seriously for a phenomenon as massive as religion. The secular grip on art history was once unbreakable, but with each new art-historical publication emphasizing religion, the pale and lifeless fingers are being slowly lifted away.

T. J. Gorringe's exquisite and substantial book Earthly Visions: Theology and the Challenges of Art might be called Bloomsbury in reverse. Just as Fry and Bell secularized Christian art, so Gorringe Christianizes the supposedly secular. The difference, of course, is that he need not ignore historical context. "The turn to the secular," he suggests, "may not be a sign of Christianity losing its grip, but, on the contrary, of realizing its true implications." If "the earth is the Lord's and all that is in it," then portraits, landscapes, and still lifes have long served as "secular parables" and can continue to afford that service today.

As is frequently remarked, the Protestant Reformation's prohibition of religious imagery provided a "push" toward a secular art independent of the Church. But, claims Gorringe, professor of theology at the University of Exeter, there was a "pull" as well: "There is not simply an iconoclasm, but also an iconpoiesis in the Reformation which understands that the world mirrors the divine in its banal, day-to-day reality." Gorringe remarks that this new, sixteenth-century spirituality also had Catholic expressions. When, for example, Teresa of Avila found God amid the pots and pans, she unintentionally endorsed the kitchenware still lifes of Chardin.

Unlike some books in the "theology and art" genre, Earthly Visions does not suffer from inadequate engagement with the history of art. Because there are few disciplinary rewards for mastering the range of art history, as opposed to mastering a narrow specialization, as a professional theologian Gorringe may be more widely read in art history than many other art historians--certainly not in depth, but possibly in surface area covered.

Consequently, Earthly Visions is a treasure trove of sources. The book contains welcome insights from opposite poles of the art-historical spectrum, Kenneth Clark and John Berger, two tracks upon which Gorringe's insights seem to glide. The book has the feel of one developed over an extended phase of teaching and thinking, not in the rush to acquire tenure.

Gorringe is not at a loss for examples of his secular parables. Indeed, the book could have been written several times over with the same thesis but different choices. His decisions, however, are good ones. Beuckelaer's The Four Elements evidences not worldly autonomy but a "Christian optimism" and a celebratory theology of creation, betrayed by tiny gospel scenes hidden behind luxuriant piles of produce. Together with the majority of Renaissance art historians today, Gorringe understands that to call Botticelli's Birth of Venus "secular" is anachronistic. He cites Botticelli's contemporary, the poet Buonincontri, who upended the classical pantheon in what could be called reverse Santeria, seeing Mercury as "Logos" and Venus as Mary.

Though no conservative, he is especially keen to liberate our understanding of many artists from its Marxist captivity. In the peasant scenes of Pieter Brueghel the Elder we see "not class ridicule but an essentially comic understanding of the world." The foregrounded plowman in Brueghel's The Fall of Icarus, for example, represents a "massive dignity." Louis Le Nain's peasant paintings are "transposed versions of the Holy Family." The majestic peasantry of Millet and Van Gogh are products of discerning Christian vision, a claim easily documented from the writings of the artists themselves.

Gorringe's chapter on portraiture culminates with Rembrandt, whose faces betray "an astonishing account of the doctrine of justification by faith." In a chapter on nature, Gorringe emphasizes Jacob van Ruisdael's Reformed Protestant convictions, which caused him to infuse his landscapes with theological and moral themes. "We have a paradoxical situation, in the early twenty-first century," he explains. "We are skilled at de-coding advertisements . . . yet we are embarrassed by the suggestion that landscape might be anything other than a literal record."

Gorringe's is not a triumphalist account. He is well aware that secular interpretations of art history were not without basis, and he does not hesitate to admit that Poussin may have been "more an ancient Roman than a Counter-Reformation Catholic." With Friedrich, whom Gorringe allies with the liberal German theologian Schleiermacher, landscape had become "melodramatic and solipsistic." This cult of nature was chillingly expressed by Turner's dying words: "The sun is God." And yet landscape, especially with Cézanne's return to Catholicism, continued to operate as a secular parable, despite an increasingly irreligious atmosphere. In a wonderful chapter on still-life painting, Gorringe draws on eucharistic theology and names the genre "the painting of the Magnificat: It puts down the proud and raises the humble."

Dismissal of the Middle Ages is the backbone of the secular narrative that Gorringe hopes to overcome. Consequently, it is strange to see him occasionally do the same. The Dark Ages are reasserted as dark, as if all the recent scholarly work to shed light upon late antiquity were in vain. In addition, the twelfth-century pope Innocent III's pessimistic appraisal of humanity is quoted to exemplify medieval gloom, followed by--in the very same chapter--a defense of the contorted portraits by Gorringe's contemporary Francis Bacon as "help[ing] us see the truth about human beings." Might the same courtesy be extended to Innocent? This residual disdain is especially curious considering the fact that the Byzantine icons brought back with the Crusaders are what catalyzed Renaissance art.

In a final chapter on abstraction, Gorringe considers whether abstract form can serve as a "parable of the divine nature which we cannot conceive." After surveying such artists as Mondrian, Kandinsky, and Pollock, he leans toward earthly vision: "Granted, God is ineffable, but God gives God's self to be known in the appearances, supremely in the Incarnation, but in the epiphany of the face, and of other created reality."

The art world, however fragmented, is populated by the likes of Peter Fuller, who wrote, "The best we can hope for is that aesthetic surrogate for salvation: redemption through form." Gorringe retorts: "There is no redemption through form, though if Christians are right in their claims about the Incarnation there is no redemption without it either."

The book concludes by suggesting that abstraction was "an art of inward emigration, which refuses to face up to the critical issues of the day and has nothing of any consequence to say. And is it in that sense a truly contemporary art?" It is a nice riposte, but the history of art since Rothko, of course, has not stood still. Pop art assaulted the modernist pieties that Gorringe legitimately questions, and agenda art has overcompensated for perceived irrelevance by revisiting politics with a vengeance.

Still, perhaps an excursus on contemporary art is too much to ask of an already wide-ranging and well-crafted book, which encapsulates one of art history's best possible futures. For Karl Barth--one of Gorringe's most consistent inspirations--"there is no such thing as secular history in the serious sense of the word." Secular art history, Gorringe suggests, may be mythological as well.

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^ Get Free Ebook Dog Days, Raven Nights, by John M. Marzluff, Colleen Marzluff

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Twenty years ago, fresh out of graduate school and recently married, John and Colleen Marzluff left Arizona for a small cabin in the mountains of western Maine. Their mission: to conduct the first-ever extensive study of the winter ecology of the Common Raven under the tutelage of biologist Bernd Heinrich.

Drawing on field notes and personal diaries, they vividly and eloquently chronicle their three-year endeavor to research a mysterious and often misunderstood bird—assembling a gigantic aviary, climbing sentry trees, building bird blinds in the forest, capturing and sustaining 300 ravens as study subjects, and enduring harsh Maine winters in pursuit of their goal. They also shared the unique challenges and joys of raising, training, and racing the sled dogs that assisted them in their work.

Accompanied by Evon Zerbetz's lovely linocut illustrations, Dog Days, Raven Nights is a fascinating, behind-the-scenes look at the adventures of field science and an insightful exploration of the nature of relationships, both animal and human.

• Sales Rank: #1017999 in Books
• Brand: Brand: Yale University Press
• Published on: 2013-03-26
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 8.98" h x .90" w x 6.66" l, 1.42 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 352 pages

Features

• Used Book in Good Condition

Review
“Full of the grittiness of experimental persistence—and the splendour of ravens and dogs—this is a warm tale of wonderful science.”—Patricia Churchland, Nature (Patricia Churchland Nature 2011-07-07)

"This remarkable husband-and-wife account of pathbreaking wildlife research in the snows of Maine whisks the reader along on a rare and spirited adventure into three interlocking worlds—avian, canine, and deeply human."—Ivan Doig, author of This House of Sky (Ivan Doig 2010-11-01)

“This is also a book of great fascination and even of beauty……Dog Days, Raven Nights is a work of science but it is also a book about research as adventure and as a strange, deeply enriching kind of human fulfilment.”—Mark Cocker, Times Literary Supplement (Mark Cocker Times Literary Supplement 2011-07-15)

"Fascinating and beautifully written book. . . . They give a good account of their studies, and while theydon't claim to have found definitive answers to all questions, they have 'opened the door' to future research. And they've opened another door, as hoped, welcoming a wide reading audience too."—Irene Wanner, The Seattle Times (Irene Wanner The Seattle Times 2011-06-07)

About the Author
John M. Marzluff is professor of wildlife science, College of the Environment, University of Washington. Colleen Marzluff is an expert in the raising and training of sled dogs and herding dogs. They live in Snohomish, WA. Evon Zerbetz is an artist in Ketchikan, AK.

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13 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
Dog Days and Raven Nights
By E. Teel
A remarkable book that is a "must read" for anyone interested in nature, rural life in Maine and the commararderie between birds, dogs and people. This book opens a whole new world into the communication tools ravens use with each other. Elaine in Mill Creek, WA

6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Solid science in an entertaining read
By Cissa
Between the entertaining writing and the great illustrations and pictures, this account of scientific research (mostly) read more like a novel than a text book.

I was also fascinated by the accounts of sled dogs and dogsledding. So nifty!

Most of the raven behaviors analyzed can be called "enlightened self-interest" more than "altruism", which is an interesting datum about a species I'm fascinated with. I don't live where there are ravens; I've had many years of crow-watching, though, and mostly the crows seem to be more altruistic. (The exception is cheese. If I put cheese out for the crows, they tend to gobble and cache it all individually before recruiting others- mostly their immediate family- to the feeder. Funny!) Perhaps crows are more social because they are individually smaller and less formidable?

Anyway- this is a great book! The genetic analysis of both ravens and sled dogs is not- according to things I've read- quite as clear as they make it out here, but that's a minor quibble.

You'll have fun reading this book if you have any interest in the subject matter, and will learn a lot!

Plus- GREAT illustration!

12 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
Interesting book.
By SKK
Books so far is very fun to read. Any adult and child would enjoy reading this. Appears to be non-fiction but makes reads like a fiction because of the adventure and fantasy style of writing. Something about the illustrations made the book more imaginative, whimsical and fun. Will follow up with more after I read the whole book.

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## Ebook Download Calvin, by F. Bruce Gordon

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During the glory days of the French Renaissance, young John Calvin (1509-1564) experienced a profound conversion to the faith of the Reformation. For the rest of his days he lived out the implications of that transformation—as exile, inspired reformer, and ultimately the dominant figure of the Protestant Reformation. Calvin’s vision of the Christian religion has inspired many volumes of analysis, but this engaging biography examines a remarkable life. Bruce Gordon presents Calvin as a human being, a man at once brilliant, arrogant, charismatic, unforgiving, generous, and shrewd.

The book explores with particular insight Calvin’s self-conscious view of himself as prophet and apostle for his age and his struggle to tame a sense of his own superiority, perceived by others as arrogance. Gordon looks at Calvin’s character, his maturing vision of God and humanity, his personal tragedies and failures, his extensive relationships with others, and the context within which he wrote and taught. What emerges is a man who devoted himself to the Church, inspiring and transforming the lives of others, especially those who suffered persecution for their religious beliefs.

• Sales Rank: #386782 in Books
• Brand: Gordon, Bruce
• Published on: 2011-05-31
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 7.78" h x 1.28" w x 5.19" l, 1.00 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 416 pages

Review
"'This biography excels in providing a scrupulous, detailed narrative from the ground up... Gordon always, across 340 pages of detailed narrative, gives us the story in its full complexity.' (James Simpson, Times Literary Supplement) 'Those who want to engage with the facts should read Bruce Gordon's book Calvin, which is outstanding.' (David A. Robertson, Prospect) 'a considered book, balanced and fair, and very informative, written in an accessible manner... what is so salutary is the sanity of tone and the justice of the assessments... Disliked in his day as a foreigner, and disparaged now as a fanatic, poor Calvin deserves reassessment, and Bruce Gordon's biography achieves this well.' (Edward Norman, Literary Review) 'Masterful... this biography succeeds spectacularly by allowing a vivid insight into the life and world of Calvin, using generous quotations from his correspondence.' (Hilmar Pabel, The Tablet)"

About the Author
Bruce Gordon is professor of Reformation history, Yale Divinity School. He is author and editor of a number of books, including The Swiss Reformation.

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26 of 28 people found the following review helpful.
The Best Biography of Calvin to Date
By Tim Challies
It is here at last. For years now I have been waiting for a great biography of Calvin--the kind of biography which I would recommend without hesitation for those who would want to learn about the life of the great Reformer. In a year that has seen the arrival of at least half a dozen biographies of Calvin, this one, I believe, stands as the best. Written by Bruce Gordon, professor of Reformation History at Yale University, it is titled simply and properly, Calvin.

Biographies of figures as controversial as John Calvin tend to be written by unabashed fans or ardent enemies. There is a lot of biography that reads like hagiography and a lot that reads like pure slander. This was the case with Calvin himself and his earliest biographers--either they were his closest confidants, singing his highest praises or they were men who feared and despised him, fabricating outrageous charges against him (such as Jerome Bolsec who, ten years after Calvin's death, wrote an account of the Reformer's life in which he accused him of sodomy and suggested that he had died from crab lice). Even today, many of the biographies seem to focus undue attention on Calvin's great accomplishments without wrestling with his notable faults and foibles. This new biography is an exception as Gordon writes from a position of notable objectivity. He seems a little bit detached from his subject, almost as if he has had to become a somewhat-grudging admirer of Calvin through immersing himself in the man's life. Throughout the book he is willing to credit Calvin for what he did so well but he is also willing to call a spade a spade, whether that means pointing out pride or temper or youthful arrogance.

The greatest strength of Calvin may be the author's deep knowledge of the time in which his subject lived. He sets Calvin firmly in his political, religious and cultural context, expending great effort in showing how Calvin was, in so many ways, a product of his time. This allows Gordon, a student of the Reformation even more than he is a Calvin scholar, to draw the reader into the time and the life of his subject in a way that none of the other biographies have been able to do. He also draws widely from Calvin's writing, introducing lesser-known works and drawing often on his voluminous correspondence. In this way it is a more well-rounded account of Calvin than others and one that is also deeper.

I tend to measure successful biographies in one of two ways: either they teach me a lot about the subject and the context of his life or they make me feel as if I've met the subject himself (with the very occasional sublime biography doing both). Gordon's Calvin falls firmly in the former camp. I did not feel like I knew Calvin himself at the end of this book, but I certainly did understand the man better, especially as I came to understand the religious and political climate he was born into and the even more complex climate he helped create.

In my opinion, this is the best biography of John Calvin to date. If you haven't ever read a life of Calvin, this will be the place to start. And even if you've read each of the other biographies available, I am convinced that by reading this one you will gain a richer understanding of the man and the complex times in which he lived. I highly recommend it.

4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Imparts a lot of knowledge of the man and time
By Ben W
This book is not an easy read. However, in the end, it is a rewarding read. This book is hard to start out, as there is little recorded about Calvin's early life, and the author is interested in really setting the stage in which Calvin grows up. A confusingly large number of names becomes easier to manage as you progress through the book and see certain people come to the front of Calvin's life and the time period. The book is not entirely in an entirely chronological format; instead, in a generally chronologically manner, with a good bit of overlap, the author tackles major events in Calvin's life, many of which took place over many years. This is a great book for learning about both Calvin, and about the Reformation during his lifetime. One of the more interesting things that really came through a lot was the struggle & cooperation between church & state at a time when the two governments were largely held to be in many ways one. It provided some food for thought: considering what the good points of a system like that are, and what are the bad points. In the end, it does seem that the bad out-weighs the good, as even I, as a Reformed (Calvinist) Baptist, would be considered a heretic by Calvin because I'm not a pado-baptist.

10 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
Reformed Bishop
By Thomas J. Burns
A biography of John Calvin is of necessity a history of his time. The religious landscape of Europe during Calvin's lifetime [1509-1564] was most complex in terms of grassroots pastoral piety, theological exploration, and international relations. And then there is Calvin: his own religious journey, from French Catholic reformer to Protestant patriarch. There is the corpus of Calvin's theological thought and writing, enduring and controversial to this day. And finally, there is the matter of Calvin's ecclesiology: what structural and communal body of belief and practice did he leave his followers. Bruce Gordon has produced an eminently readable and highly manageable general study of these questions in producing a remarkable introduction to John Calvin for the informed reader with at least a basic grasp of Reformation dynamics.

As Robert Bireley has narrated in his fine work, "The Refashioning of Catholicism 1450-1700," [1999] the spirit of church reform was not the exclusive provenance of Luther. Grassroots outcroppings of lay spirituality emerged side-by-side with wholesale reform of many existing Catholic religious orders to improve the tenor of church life by 1500. It is not surprising, then, that the young Catholic Calvin would by his early adulthood identify himself as an apostle of reform. but as Gordon observes, reformist Catholics in France had nowhere to lay their heads in the face the crown's opposition to Luther and seminal Protestant uprisings of independence on the continent.

Calvin began his studies in theology but turned instead to law. A true humanist of the time, he immersed himself in the Roman philosopher Seneca. At some point in 1533 the Protestant conviction that the papacy was beyond repair was embraced by Calvin, though at this early time such French converts did not as yet have ecclesiastical bodies to align with. Like many of his mindset, Calvin remained a vocal and prolific voice of change within Catholicism until his writings and other agitations made his life in Catholic France intolerable. In 1534 he moved to a more affable setting in Switzerland.

Switzerland's Protestant reform was rich in zeal but poor in unity. Each of its major cities hosted major proponents of Protestant reformed theology. The major overarching conflict upon Calvin's arrival was the significant tension between Martin Luther and Huldrych Zwingli, with the latter advocating a much more radical abandoning of traditional church life than Luther. Gordon pays close attention to the various points of contestation elaborated by such theological masters as Bucer, Oecolampadius, Melancthon, Erasmus, and others, and he rightly distinguishes Calvin as a theologian with a long view of the future, and the realization that if Protestant reform was to survive, it must be united.

As Gordon chronicles Calvin's life, it becomes clear that Calvin cannot pull together the Christian church. But it is not for lack of trying. As is often the case with great thinkers of all disciplines, Calvin's most lasting contribution to Christianity was written in his relative youth, his "Institutes of Christian Religion." In this work, revised several times during his lifetime, Calvin outlines what might be called reformist ecclesiology for the first time. He weaves together doctrinal foundations, church structure, and personal piety. It is in this work that we come across his controversial definition of "predestination." Gordon's handling of the question is eminently clear and lucid. Calvin believed in what one might term "a double call." The Institutes sites Old Testament metaphor, noting that while Esau and Jacob are both of the chosen people, Jacob had been chosen before birth for special election. On its face Calvin's theory did not convince me, but it may have made more sense at the time of his writing when all warring Christian parties could claim the blessing of baptism but not all, at least in Calvin's eyes, were worthy of eternal election.

Calvin, of course, is historically identified with the city of Geneva. As a young man with zeal and perhaps restless disregard, he took the pulpit as a layman in the company of close and equally outspoken fellow warriors. Theological and personal conflicts led to his discharge from ministerial duties, but he would be invited back by the city magistrates a few years later. Gordon notes that upon his return Calvin was charged with creating a church order that would satisfy divergent expectations in Geneva. Calvin never "mellowed" strictly speaking, but age brought him a greater sense of his personal charism in the pulpit and his organizational role as leader.

Thus, Calvin's ministerial persona was centered on preaching. While he defended a modified sacramental system, it is very clear that the preaching of the Bible and its moral implications for personal and civil life was the fulcrum of ecclesiology and ministerial identity. Gordon describes Calvin as a highly respected preacher, whose sermons did not hesitate to address matters of public conduct and controversy. One gets the impression that he was greatly revered if not greatly loved in Geneva.
It is equally clear from the text that Calvin, whatever he might say about Catholic orders, functioned as a bishop. He fully embraced a magisterial role for the reformed church throughout Europe. This is evident in his recruitment and support of reform missionaries for work in Catholic France, for example, where many of his missionaries came to ultimate cruel martyrdom. Calvin was criticized for not joining them in France, but he defended himself on the grounds that his life was too important for the life of the church as a whole. ["Strike the shepherd, and the sheep scatter."] Clearly, Calvin was neither a Congregationalist nor a mystic. Gordon repeatedly underscores Calvin's identification with St. Paul--theologian and definitely churchman.

Gordon is not sentimental about Calvin, but the thought occurs that the reformed church's first true shepherd resembles in many aspects the Catholic Ignatius of Loyola. By his straightforward rendering of the story, Gordon has made the case for the tragedy and cost of disunion.

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In this first book-length study of positive law, James Bernard Murphy rewrites central chapters in the history of jurisprudence by uncovering a fundamental continuity among four great legal philosophers: Plato, Thomas Aquinas, Thomas Hobbes, and John Austin. In their theories of positive law, Murphy argues, these thinkers represent successive chapters in a single fascinating story. That story revolves around a fundamental ambiguity: is law positive because it is deliberately imposed (as opposed to customary law) or because it lacks moral necessity (as opposed to natural law)? These two senses of positive law are not coextensive yet the discourse of positive law oscillates unstably between them. What, then, is the relation between being deliberately imposed and lacking moral necessity? Murphy demonstrates how the discourse of positive law incorporates both normative and descriptive dimensions of law, and he discusses the relation of positive law not only to jurisprudence but also to the philosophy of language, ethics, theories of social order, and biblical law.

• Sales Rank: #6658768 in Books
• Published on: 2005-08-02
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.02" h x .58" w x 5.98" l, .84 pounds
• Binding: Paperback
• 256 pages

Review
"Original and persuasive. . . . Murphy makes the important historical point that we must look much deeper in the history of western legal theory to understand how positive law acquired its deep incoherence."—Charles J. Reid, University of St. Thomas, Minnesota

(Charles J. Reid)

"An important and successful effort to trace the concept of positive law in both the natural law and legal positivist traditions, this book is an extraordinarily impressive integration of classical philosophy, political theory, legal history, and jurisprudence."—Frederick Schauer, Harvard University  

  (Frederick Schauer)

"Murphy's erudite and beautifully written study not only meticulously investigates the subtleties of a fundamental concept—positive law—but shows that without understanding them one will misinterpret some key figures
in intellectual history."—James Gordley, School of Law, University of California at Berkeley
(James Gordley)

About the Author
James Bernard Murphy is professor of government at Dartmouth College. He is the author of several books, including The Moral Economy of Labor: Aristotelian Themes in Economic Theory, published by Yale University Press.

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